Class 10 Science One-Liners
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Download the Branded PDFChemical Reactions & Equations
- A chemical equation must always be balanced — law of conservation of mass.
- Oxidation is gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen; reduction is the reverse.
- Corrosion of iron (rusting) needs both air and moisture.
- Rancidity is prevented by antioxidants, airtight packing and nitrogen flushing.
Acids, Bases & Salts
- pH less than 7 is acidic, more than 7 is basic, exactly 7 is neutral.
- Tooth decay starts when mouth pH falls below 5.5.
- Baking soda is NaHCO3; washing soda is Na2CO3·10H2O.
- Plaster of Paris is CaSO4·½H2O — kept away from moisture.
Metals & Non-metals
- Most reactive metals (K, Na) are stored under kerosene.
- Ionic compounds have high melting points and conduct electricity when molten.
- Aluminium and zinc oxides are amphoteric — react with both acids and bases.
- Gold and platinum are the least reactive metals.
Life Processes
- Photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O → glucose + O2, in chlorophyll with sunlight.
- Human heart is four-chambered — double circulation keeps blood separate.
- Nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
- Alveoli maximise surface area for gas exchange in lungs.
Light — Reflection & Refraction
- Focal length of a spherical mirror = radius of curvature / 2.
- Power of a lens (dioptre) = 1 / focal length in metres.
- A concave mirror gives a real, inverted image beyond its focus.
- Light bends towards the normal when entering a denser medium.
Electricity
- Ohm’s law: V = IR at constant temperature.
- Resistances in series add up; in parallel their reciprocals add.
- Electric power P = VI = I²R = V²/R.
- 1 kWh (one unit) = 3.6 × 10⁶ joules.
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